Term 2 Dictation: Rowan of Rin
Week 1 - suffixes
They were grateful when they simply realised that they could only specifically drink water from the mountain well over there that was shrouded in cloud.
Differentiated: They were simply grateful when they could drink the water over there.
Grateful: (Adjective) A feeling or showing an appreciation for something done or received. From the latin ‘gratus’ meaning thankful.
Specifically: (Adverb) In a way that is exact and clear. Latin specificus "constituting a kind or sort.”
Shroud: (Verb) To cover or envelop so as to conceal from view. From Old English scrud "a garment, clothing, dress’.
Simply (adverb) In a straightforward or plain manner. From Latin simplus . The noun sense (mid 16th century) originally referred to a medicine made from one constituent.
Realised: (Verb) past tense of realise. To become fully aware of (something) as a fact; understand clearly.
"bring into existence," from French réaliser "make real" (16c.), from real "actual"
A suffix is a group of letters that comes at the end of a word and has a specific meaning. The -ly suffix means "in what way."
A suffix is a group of letters that comes at the end of a word and has a specific meaning. The -ly suffix means "in what way."
- To form a regular adverb simply add –ly to the corresponding adjective:
- With adjectives ending in ‘ic’ you need to add al before you add ‘ly’
- With adjectives ending in ‘le’ you need to check first if there is a consonant before ‘le’. If there is, simply change the final e into y.
- If instead there is a vowel before ‘le’ then simply add ‘ly’ to the adjective.
- With adjectives ending in ‘ll’ you only need to add ‘y’
- With adjectives ending in ‘ue’ you need to drop the final e before adding ‘ly’
- With adjectives ending in ‘y’ you need to check first if there is a consonant before ‘y’. If there is, simply change the y into i before adding ‘ly’.
What is a suffix?
Week 2 Suffix (ment)
His excitement grew as fast as a striking snake on discovering that the parchment revealed the hideous quest.
Differentiated: His excitement grew when he read the parchment.
Excitement: (Noun) a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness. Middle English (in the sense ‘incite someone to do something’): from Old French exciter or Latin excitare, frequentative of exciere ‘call out or forth’
Parchment: (Noun) A stiff, flat, thin material made from the prepared skin of an animal, usually a sheep or goat, and used as a durable writing surface in ancient and medieval times.
Hideous: (Adjective) Extremely ugly. From Old French ‘hisda’ meaning "horror.
Revealed: (Verb) caused or allowed(something) to be seen. Middle English: from Old French reveler or Latin revelare, from re- ‘again’ (expressing reversal) + velum ‘veil’.
Discovered (Verb) Past tense of discover - find unexpectedly or during a search. become aware of (a fact or situation). Middle English (in the sense ‘make known’): from Old French descovrir, from late Latin discooperire, from Latin dis- (expressing reversal) + cooperire ‘cover completely’
A suffix is a group of letters that comes at the end of a word and has a specific meaning.
The suffix -ment tells you that the word is a noun. This suffix means "action or process." It turns a verb into a noun.
- The suffix ‘ment’ can usually be added to the root word without making any changes.
- Exceptions to this rule: when words that have more than one syllable and end in a consonant followed by a 'y', like 'merry', the 'y' is changed to an 'i', giving us 'merriment'.
- When adding the suffix 'ment' to 'argue', you must remove the 'e', giving us 'argument'.
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Week 3 Compound words
Sometimes the landscape appeared to dissolve in the cloud and the mountain’s foothills changed colour in the sunrise.
Differentiated: The landscape was covered in cloud.
Compound words are formed when two smaller words combine to form a new word. Rule: When the compound word is made up of two one-syllable words, divide between the two words which make up the compound.
Landscape: (Noun) all the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
denoting a format of printed matter which is wider than it is high.
(verb) make (a garden or other area of ground) more attractive by altering the existing design, adding ornamental features, and planting trees and shrubs.
From 16th century (denoting a picture of scenery): from Middle Dutch lantscap, from land ‘land’ + scap (equivalent of -ship). All the visible features of an area of land, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
Foothill (noun) a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain 1850, American English, from foot (n.) + hill (n.).
Sunrise: (Noun) The time of day when the sun appears above the eastern horizon.
From Middle English sunne ryse, Middle High German sunne.
Mountain: (Noun) a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level.
From Old French Montaigne.
Dissolve: (verb) When a solid becomes incorporated into a liquid so as to form a solution. To disappear.
Late Middle English (also in the sense ‘break down into component parts’): from Latin dissolvere, from dis- ‘apart’ + solvere ‘loosen or solve’.
Week 4 Spelling rules ‘age’
Rowan and the others shrieked as he opened the package which contained the spiders that scuttled away into the shadows of their village.
Differentiated: Their package from the village had spiders in it.
Package (noun) an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box. From 1530s, "the act of packing," from pack (n.) + -age; or from cognate Dutch pakkage "baggage."
Scuttle (verb) run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps.
Noun - a shallow open basket for carrying something (such as grain or garden produce) Middle English scutel, from Latin scutella drinking bowl, tray, diminutive of scutraplatter
Shadow: (noun) a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.
Greek skotos ‘darkness’. Old English scead(u)we
Shriek - (verb) utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words, especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement. 16c. variant of scrycke (c. 1200), from Old Norse skrækja "to screech" (see screech)
Village: (noun) a group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area.
From Latin villa ‘country house’.
Revise that a suffix is a group of letters that comes at the end of a word and has a specific meaning.
Discuss the suffix ‘age’. Here is an example of how a verb + age = a noun: pack + age = package
Rule: verb + age = noun
Discuss rules for adding a suffix that starts with a vowel sound: If a word ends in a consonant just add ‘age’ – pack / package
If a word ends in ‘e’, drop the ‘e’ and add ‘age’:
use / usage
If a word ends in ‘y’, change the ‘y’ to ‘i’ and add ‘age’:
marry / marriage
Differentiated: Their package from the village had spiders in it.
Package (noun) an object or group of objects wrapped in paper or packed in a box. From 1530s, "the act of packing," from pack (n.) + -age; or from cognate Dutch pakkage "baggage."
Scuttle (verb) run hurriedly or furtively with short quick steps.
Noun - a shallow open basket for carrying something (such as grain or garden produce) Middle English scutel, from Latin scutella drinking bowl, tray, diminutive of scutraplatter
Shadow: (noun) a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.
Greek skotos ‘darkness’. Old English scead(u)we
Shriek - (verb) utter a high-pitched piercing sound or words, especially as an expression of terror, pain, or excitement. 16c. variant of scrycke (c. 1200), from Old Norse skrækja "to screech" (see screech)
Village: (noun) a group of houses and associated buildings, larger than a hamlet and smaller than a town, situated in a rural area.
From Latin villa ‘country house’.
Revise that a suffix is a group of letters that comes at the end of a word and has a specific meaning.
Discuss the suffix ‘age’. Here is an example of how a verb + age = a noun: pack + age = package
Rule: verb + age = noun
Discuss rules for adding a suffix that starts with a vowel sound: If a word ends in a consonant just add ‘age’ – pack / package
If a word ends in ‘e’, drop the ‘e’ and add ‘age’:
use / usage
If a word ends in ‘y’, change the ‘y’ to ‘i’ and add ‘age’:
marry / marriage
Week 5 Past tense
He fell silent as they woke. The sky grew light and the dawn arose. Their hair was soaked and caked with mud. Strong John thought about how he trusted them.
Differentiated: He woke as the sky grew light. Their hair was soaked.
Arose: (Verb) Past tense of arise. To emerge; become apparent. To occur. Old English ārīsan, from ā- ‘away’.
Grew: (Verb) Past tense of grow. undergo natural development by increasing in size and changing physically.
To become larger.
From Old English grēow (first and third person past tense of grōwan), from West Germanic *greu.
Soaked: (Adjective) extremely wet; saturated.
Old English socian ‘become saturated with a liquid by immersion’; related to sūcan ‘to suck’.
Thought: (noun) Past tense of Think. To have a particular opinion, belief, or idea about someone or something.
Old English thōht, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gedachte.
Woke: (Verb) Past tense of wake. To emerge or cause to emerge from sleep; stop sleeping.
Old English (recorded only in the past tense wōc ), also partly from the weak verb wacian ‘remain awake, hold a vigil’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch waken and German wachen ; compare with watch.
Discuss verbs that change when changed into past tense- see/saw, grow/grew, know/knew instead of adding ‘ed’. In English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb to create the past forms: jump / jumped.
With irregular verbs, however, the past forms don’t follow rules. For example:
Differentiated: He woke as the sky grew light. Their hair was soaked.
Arose: (Verb) Past tense of arise. To emerge; become apparent. To occur. Old English ārīsan, from ā- ‘away’.
Grew: (Verb) Past tense of grow. undergo natural development by increasing in size and changing physically.
To become larger.
From Old English grēow (first and third person past tense of grōwan), from West Germanic *greu.
Soaked: (Adjective) extremely wet; saturated.
Old English socian ‘become saturated with a liquid by immersion’; related to sūcan ‘to suck’.
Thought: (noun) Past tense of Think. To have a particular opinion, belief, or idea about someone or something.
Old English thōht, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gedachte.
Woke: (Verb) Past tense of wake. To emerge or cause to emerge from sleep; stop sleeping.
Old English (recorded only in the past tense wōc ), also partly from the weak verb wacian ‘remain awake, hold a vigil’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch waken and German wachen ; compare with watch.
Discuss verbs that change when changed into past tense- see/saw, grow/grew, know/knew instead of adding ‘ed’. In English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb to create the past forms: jump / jumped.
- add "-ed" to a verb to change it to the past tense: "talk + ed = talked".
- when the verb ends in "e", add only "d.": "arrive + d = arrived".
- when the verb ends in consonant + "y," change the "y" to "i" and add "-ed": "study + ed
- when a verb ends in vowel + "y," add "-ed": "play + ed = played".
- when a one-syllable verb ends in vowel + consonant, double the consonant: "stop + p + ed = stopped".
- If the final consonant is "w," "x," or "y," don't double it: play > played, fix > fixed
With irregular verbs, however, the past forms don’t follow rules. For example: